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Health care systems have measures in place to protect against breaches, but individuals also need to take steps to safeguard their confidential health data. It is important to understand when this data is most at risk.

Many people may not realize that consumer-generated health data is not protected. The federal government does not regulate the health data itself; instead, the responsibility falls on the actual facility, medical office, or hospital under the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA). Personal health data collected at home, such as using wearable trackers or taking readings, is not covered by HIPAA. The use of personal data by individuals is also not covered.

Subcontractors, including third-party associates, health plans, insurance companies, and individual physicians, are covered under HIPAA. Labs, clinics, and medical offices that bill for their services are also expected to be HIPAA-compliant. However, social media businesses are not included.

Doctors, who are often busy and pressed for time, may not always use patient portals for communication. Instead, they may choose to text or email colleagues with potentially sensitive information, using personal devices that may not be secure. While their focus is on providing efficient patient care, data security can be compromised.

Epic and similar health data portals are commonly used to store patient data safely. Although these systems have limitations and design flaws, they are the safest option available for doctors and patients. Health care facilities must meet safety certifications and regulations to receive federal funding and maintain industry recognition.

Data breaches have been rare in recent years, although hackers do target hospitals and health care systems. However, taking personal risks and not being vigilant about protecting personal data remains a problem. Once a hacker obtains even a single piece of information, it can be used to compromise others’ private data. It is important to understand that personal information can be valuable to criminals and can be sold to others.

To protect confidential health data, individuals should be cautious about sharing personal information with multiple organizations, as one organization may have strong security measures while an associated one may not. Victims of identity theft can be further victimized when personal information is accessed by multiple parties.

Overall, being informed and taking proactive measures can help safeguard confidential health data.

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