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North Korea is making preparations for its second attempt to launch a spy satellite into orbit and conduct tests of long-range missiles, according to South Korea’s intelligence service. These actions are being taken to mark a significant national anniversary and to protest the United States’ efforts to strengthen its regional alliances.

The National Intelligence Service (NIS) has revealed that North Korea may try to launch the spy satellite in late August or early September, in time for the country’s 75th anniversary on September 9. The NIS also stated that North Korea has been testing the rocket’s engine and has set up an additional land antenna to receive satellite data.

North Korean leader Kim Jong Un has expressed his determination to develop advanced weapons systems, including a military reconnaissance satellite. However, North Korea’s previous attempt to launch a satellite in May ended in failure, with the rocket crashing into the ocean.

The NIS has also detected heightened activities at a North Korean facility involved in the production of solid-fuelled intercontinental ballistic missiles (ICBM), as well as another site related to liquid-fuelled ICBMs. These launch preparations are seen as a demonstration of protest against the upcoming Camp David summit and the US-South Korean military drills.

North Korea has been sensitive to US efforts to strengthen its alliances with South Korea and Japan. In response to perceived threats, North Korea has conducted over 100 missile tests since the beginning of 2022. While some of its ICBMs have demonstrated the potential to reach the US mainland, experts believe that North Korea still faces technological challenges before it can fully master their effectiveness.

The shorter-range missiles possessed by North Korea are capable of targeting South Korea and Japan. It is worth noting that three out of four known types of North Korean ICBMs use liquid fuels, while the fourth employs solid fuel. Solid-fuelled missiles are preferred due to their ease of mobility and quicker launch capabilities, making them harder to detect prior to launch.

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